Boanerges
The scholarly consensus holds that Jesus often spoke Aramaic, but knew Hebrew and also likely spoke Greek. Aramaic was the common language of Roman Judaea, and was thus also spoken by at least some of Jesus' disciples. The villages of Nazareth and Capernaum in Galilee, where the Gospels record him as having been raised, were populated by Aramaic-speaking communities. Jesus probably spoke the Galilean dialect, distinguishable from that which was spoken in Roman-era Jerusalem.
Galilee, where Jesus was raised and conducted his ministry, was known for its trade routes and for its interface with the wider spectrum of Hellenism and even Matthew 4:15 references the region as "Galilee of the Gentiles". As such, the Gospels understand Jesus' youth in Nazareth to be in a highly cosmopolitan area in which Greek was used frequently, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the meeting of several major trade routes in Sepphoris. Greek was the lingua franca of the Roman Empire including in Israel, the New Testament was written in Greek, as seen in the earliest documents; there is also epigraphical and literary evidence of Greek in Galilee. The New Testament writers often quoted the Greek Old Testament directly. It is thus likely that Jesus was able to work in Koine Greek and spoke it as well. His occupation required interaction with Greek speaking clients, some of his speeches such as the Sermon on the Mount, suggest he may have even taught in Greek and he certainly was capable of conversing with people from outside of Palestine such as with the Syrophoenician woman, the Samaritan woman, and Pontius Pilate.
Additionally, given that Hebrew had continued to be used by Judeans who were left behind during the Babylonian captivity and is understood to be the language of composition for several canonical texts composed in the Second Temple period, Jesus was conversant in the Hebrew spoken among the Samaritans, according to John 4. Jesus was thus well versed in Biblical Hebrew, beyond its use as the liturgical language of Second Temple Judaism.
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